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Azadirachtin (Neem Products)
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| Specification sheet |
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| It is a biological product extracted from neem seed kernel, used to control a vast range of insect pests on cotton, tea, tomato, rice, brinjal, gram, okra, cabbage, jute, tobacco, cauliflower. |
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| Mode of action |
Disrupts insect moulting and will also smother and desiccate insects. |
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| CAS number |
11141-17-6 |
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| Available formulations |
25%, 10%, 0.03%, 0.1, 0.15%, 5%, 0.3 % EC. |
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| Packaging |
Available in all standards pack sizes or as per customer’s specifications. |
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| Labels |
Labels are offered as per customers’ requirements. |
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| Trade name |
Labels are offered as per international specifications or customers’ requirements. |
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| Salient features of the product: |
1. Broad spectrum activity.
2. No known resistance mechanism.
3. Compatible with many commercial insecticides and fungicides.
4. Classified as biological product for registration purpose.
5. Non-persistent in environment.
6. No re-entry restrictions.
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Bacillus thuringiensis
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| Specification sheet |
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| B. thuringiensis (commonly known as 'Bt') is an insecticidal bacterium, marketed worldwide for control of many important plant pests - mainly caterpillars of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) but also mosquito larvae, and simuliid blackflies that vector river blindness in Africa. Bt products represent about 1% of the total ‘agrochemical’ market (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides) across the world. The commercial Bt products are powders containing a mixture of dried spores and toxin crystals. They are applied to leaves or other environments where the insect larvae feed. The toxin genes have also been genetically engineered into several crop plants The method of use, mode of action, and host range of this biocontrol agent differ markedly from those of Bacillus popilliae. |
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| Mode of action |
The crystals are aggregates of a large protein (about 130-140 kDa) that is actually a protoxin - it must be activated before it has any effect. The crystal protein is highly insoluble in normal conditions, so it is entirely safe to humans, higher animals and most insects. However, it is solubilised in reducing conditions of high pH (above about pH 9.5) - the conditions commonly found in the mid-gut of lepidopteran larvae. For this reason, Bt is a highly specific insecticidal agent.
Once it has been solubilised in the insect gut, the protoxin is cleaved by a gut protease to produce an active toxin of about 60kD. This toxin is termed delta-endotoxin. It binds to the midgut epithelial cells, creating pores in the cell membranes and leading to equilibration of ions. As a result, the gut is rapidly immobilised, the epithelial cells lyse, the larva stops feeding, and the gut pH is lowered by equilibration with the blood pH. This lower pH enables the bacterial spores to germinate, and the bacterium can then invade the host, causing a lethal septicaemia. |
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| CAS number |
68038-71-1 |
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| Available formulations |
Liquid and WP formulations. |
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| Packaging |
Available in all standards pack sizes or as per customer’s specifications. |
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| Labels |
Labels are offered as per customers’ requirements. |
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| Trade name |
Customer can choose their own brand name. |
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| Salient features of B. thuringiensis: |
1. Non-toxic to man and animals.
2. A product of biological origin.
3. B.t. is a naturally-occurring pathogen that readily breaks down in the environment.
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